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What is a water separator for diesel fuel?

A water separator for diesel fuel is a device that removes free water from the fuel before it reaches the engine's injection system. It is typically the first stage of fuel filtration on a heavy-duty diesel truck (Cummins ISX/X15, Detroit DD15, Volvo D13, Mack MP8, PACCAR MX-13). Water enters diesel through tank condensation, contaminated fuel-station storage, and biological growth in long-stored fuel. The separator's coalescing element causes water droplets to merge and fall by gravity into a sediment bowl at the bottom of the housing. The driver drains the bowl manually at fuel stops. Without a separator, free water reaches the high-pressure injectors at 30,000+ PSI and rapidly destroys them through cavitation and tip erosion. On modern Class 8 trucks, the separator is mandatory engineering, not optional accessory.

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